Solved IGNOU Assignments

Bachelor’s Degree Programme (BDP) ASSIGNMENT 2015-16 Elective Course in Commerce ECO – 03: MANAGEMENT THEORY For July 2015 and January 2016 admission cycle School of Management Studies Indira Gandhi National Open University Maidan Garhi, New Delhi -110 068 ECO - 03 Elective Course in Commerce ECO – 03: Management Theory ASSIGNMENT- 2015-16 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT Course Code: ECO-03 Course Title: Management Theory Assignment Code: ECO-03/TMA/2015-16 Coverage: All Blocks Maximum Marks: 100 Attempt all questions. 1. “Management Principles focus on one of the best ways of doing things and are prescriptive”. Do you agree? Give reasons and explain various principles of management. (6+14) 2. What is meant by morale? Outline the factors that influence the morale of employees in an organization. What is the significance of leadership vis a vis morale? (4+8+8) 3. Distinguish between the following: i) Strategic and Tactical Planning ii) Autocratic Style and Authoritative Style iii) Formal Commun...

AMK - 01 Bachelor’s Degree Programme (BDP) ASSIGNMENT 2015-16 Application Oriented Course AMK -01: MARKETING Course Code: AMK-01 Course Title: Marketing Assignment Code: AMK-01/TMA/2015-16 Coverage: All Blocks Maximum Marks: 100 Attempt all the questions. (a) What is a sales promotion? Describe the various sales promotion tools used by marketers. (b) Explain the concept of the product life cycle with a suitable example. (10+10) Differentiate between the following: (a) Marketing Mix and Promotion Mix (b) Durable Goods and Non-durable Goods (c) Sales Promotion and Personal Selling (d) Selling Concept and Production Concept of Marketing (4×5) Comment on the following statements: (a) The packaging is not different from labelling (b) Trademark can be copied by another manufacturer (c) Penetration pricing is a profitable strategy (d) Market segmentation is required for effective marketing(4×5) Define culture. How does it influence consumer behaviour? Explain with example.(20) Write s...

A label refers to a part of the product which contains the information regarding the product; seller etc after branding and packaging it is another significant means of product identification. A label may be a part of the package or it may attach to the product in the form of a piece of paper, printed statements, imprinted metal, leather etc. It contains information concerning the price (MRP), nature of product, date of manufacture. Need of packaging Followings are the main needs of labeling:- Product Feature: - A label describes the special feature of the product which increases its sales. Facilitates exchange: - It avoids unnecessary confusion where there is a large product range. It facilitates fast exchange process. Encourage self-service: - Labeling encourages the consumers for self-service. They can pick the product   of their own choice from the shops when they are supplied with necessary information of contents, weights, use, price etc. Product-related services: -  There are...

Bachelor’s Degree Programme   Course Code: AED - 01 Course Title: Export Procedures and Documentation   Attempt all the questions. Describe the general provisions related to import under the Foreign Trade Policy (EXIM Policy) of the Government of India. Do you think that these provisions facilitate foreign trade? (16+4) a) Discuss the export financing under the deferred payment system. b) Explain the role of the Export-Import Bank of India. (10+10) Explain the Central Excise Formalities and refund procedure of central excise rebate under Rule 12. (20) a) Describe the export incentives related to an expansion of the production base for export. b) Discuss fiscal incentives for export promotion. (10+10) Write short notes on the following: a) International Contract Terms b) Basic Principles of ECGC operation c) Port Procedures d) Export Promotion Councils. (4×5)

Packaging offers the following kinds of advantages to the manufacturer , dealers as well as consumers. Advantages to manufacturer and dealers It protects the goods from spoilage, breakage and leakage etc. An attractive package serves as a silent salesman. It facilitates ‘widow’ and ‘counter’ display of goods. It prevents adulteration. It maintains the quality of the product by protecting them against light, air, heat, humidity etc. It is easy to transport from one place to another. It reduces the cost of storage and handling. It creates goodwill of company in the minds of consumers. Advantage to consumers It keeps the content fresh, clean and in an original form. It facilitates easy handling. It provides Information to consumers regarding the product. It adds to the prestige of the buyer. Empty packages may be retained for domestic use.

A good packaging is required to possess the following features: Attractiveness: - A good package should be attractive in size and color combination in order to promote the sale. Consumer convinces: - The size and weight of package should be such that it is convenient for the storage and transportation and easily consumable by the consumers. Protective strength: -  The package should be strong enough in order to protect the product. Economical: - The cost of packaging should be minimum in order to make the price of product competitive. Durability: -  Packages should be durable so that they may be re-used for different purposes. Pollution free: - The packaging should be eco-friendly. The polyethene packaging has been discarded by the law in the certain status. Flexibility: - A good packaging should have an ability of flexibility or should be capable of being put to alternative use.

Following are the main objectives of packaging:- Protection of product: -  The main objectives of packaging are to protect the products against theft, pilferage, leakage, breakage etc. it is the package which keep the product fresh, clean and unspoilt. Identification: -  The main objective of packing is providing identification to the products. It makes the products easily distinguishable and identifiable while packaging them in shelves of shops. Products convince: - Another important objective of packing is to provide containers to the producer and distributors in shipping, storage and handling of goods. Packaging should be such that it facilitates attractive display of goods in the shops and easy use of products for consumers. Helpful in the promotion of products: -  The packagings serve as a very powerful promotional tool. The main features promotional functions are performed by packaging are: Self-advertising : - The design of product package itself advertises it. Disp...

Packaging involves the activities of planning and designing of different means of packing the products.  Various means of packaging refers to wrappers or containers. Packaging plays its role in product identification. It serves as a promotional tool and build an image of the product. Packing is a process which relates to economically containing the products for shipment, storage, sale or final use of the product.  It includes the activities of wrapping or containing the product for performing the market functions especially to make economical. In other words , packaging refers to the enclosing of product in the package or containers like tins, bottles, bags, cans etc. According to William staton, “Packing general group of activities in designing the containers or wrappers for the product”

The advantages of branding may be categorized into three parts:- Advantages to manufacturers Advantages to wholesalers & retailers Advantages to consumers Advantages to manufacturers It helps the manufacturers to procure orders and supply the goods in districts markets It establishes the separate identity of a product from other similar products. Popular brand names can be used for other related products of a firm. It facilitates repeat sales as customers remember brand names. It facilitates direct selling to the customers once brand name gains popularity. It facilitates regular production since there is a continued demand for the popular brand. It helps in increasing demand as it develops brand loyalty. Advantages to wholesalers and retailers. There is less risk and problem in the sale of branded goods. It requires less effort by the middleman for selling the goods. There is more demand of branded goods. It increases the goodwill of the middlemen Advant...

The following are the main importance of branding:- Separate identity: - Branding provides distinct loyalty to products which is useful for competing with the products of same nature. Facilitate advertising: - Branding is useful for the purpose of advertising. It is impossible to undertake advertising campaign without the brand name. Brand loyalty: - Brand creates brand loyalty. The customers always prefer to buy their favorite. Prevents Imitation: - Branding is also needed to prevent imitation of the product by competitors. Marketing device: - Branding is required to use it as marketing devices. A small symbol with a marketing catchy slogan speaks much about the product. Product research: - Branding is also important to conduct product research. The researchers can find out the opinions and reactions of consumers regarding the product by use of a brand name.

A brand is a name or mark or symbol, number, letter or the world or any combination of these, given to a product in order to create its separate identity from other similar products. The brand is am product image, a quality and a personality of the product. Branding is a process of finding and fixing the means of identification. It is nothing but naming the product and it is just like naming a child. When a brand name is registered, it becomes a trademark.   According to American Marketing, “Branding is a name, term, symbol or a design or a combination of them which is intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate than from those of competitors”

Marketing function refers to those activities which are necessary to be performed from the conception of the idea of products to their final consumption by the consumers. These activities any is classified in following parts:- Functions of research Function of physical supply Function of exchange The function of facilitating to exchange. The function of research: - It is the systematic approach of study the nature of product, price, distribution, consumers preference etc. it includes the analysis and decision making after the deep investigation in the market. Planning and developments of product: - This function includes the activities from the idea of the product to its final developments. It includes the decision making regarding the packing, colour, price, size quantity etc of products so that consumers may fully satisfied. The function of physical supply: -These are those function which are required to fill the gap between the manufacturer and consumers. The following are...

The 4 P’s of marketing mix are discussed as follow:- Product Mix - includes all those activities starting from the conception of the idea of a product till its final developments for maximizing the customers’ satisfaction. It involves planning and development of product directed at the satisfaction of target market. It entails decision making regarding the quality, quantity, size packing etc. of the product. Elements Of Product Mix              The main features of product mix are as follow Product range: - It implies the closely related items of the same product. For eg. The product range of the Maruti Udyog limited is Maruti 800, Maruti waganR etc. Branding refers to the use if certain mark, symbol etc it helps in dividing the types of the same goods. Product package -Packaging means to wrap or containing the goods for supply. Product services after sale services are an important component of a product mix. It enables the firm to secure repeat orders and also secure the goodwill...

M arketing management is an operative function which fulfills the gap between production and consumption. Its main features are as follow:- Functional area of management: - it is functional area of management since it includes setting goals, formulation of plans and put them into actions Scope: - It consists of all those activities which are directed to supplying the want-satisfying goods to consumers in order to achieve organizational objectives. Goal oriented: -The sole objective of marketing management is to facilitate an exchange of goods and services by supplying the consumers needed goods and services. So it is goal oriented. Marketing mix: - Marketing mix determines the marketing mix I.e. product design, pricing, promotion, and distribution. So as to provide maximum satisfaction to the consumers.

Meaning Marketing management is an operative function which fills the gap between production and consumption.  It is the basic function of all business enterprises. The very existence of business depends upon its marketing management. Marketing management is combined application of the functions of management – planning, staffing, directing and controlling. And the functions of the marketing management –marketing research, product planning and development, pricing, advertising, selling etc to facilitate an exchange of want satisfying goods/ services in order to achieve organization objectives. In the nutshell, marketing management is the functional area of management which ascertains the marketing objectives, formulates marketing plans, organized marketing function and put these plans into actions and controlling them. Acc. To Stanton, “Marketing management is a total of business activities designed to plan, price, promote and distribute want-satisfying goods and services to present an...

To determine the amount of capital required by the business to fulfill to long, medium and short-term needs. To raise funds from various sources at minimum cost. To allocate funds to different departments considering the overall objectives of the business. To ensure optimum utilization of funds by investing them in various assets. To maintain sufficient cash in order to meet day to day expenses. To maintain adequate provisions for contingencies. To exercise effective control over the funds.

Financial planning is a core to the main planning. It is an inseparable part of overall planning of enterprise. It plays important roles in an enterprise as it fixed financial objectives, formulates capital structure, raise funds and ensure proper utilization of funds. It is equally important for all types of organization whether it is small, big and medium size. Main benefits of financial planning are as follow:- The success of entire firm: - Every function of enterprise i.e. production, marketing, purchasing etc. all depends upon the financial function. The firm can avoid the possibilities of inadequate or excess capitalization which leads to wastage of resources. Economy and coordination: - financial planning minimizes the wastage in the complex operative process. Coordination is needed due to technological developments. Increased rate of interest, dividend is possible only through effective financial planning. The optimum capital structure at minimum cost: - financial plann...

Financial planning is the process of determining the objectives, policies, procedures programs and budgets to carry out the effectively the financial activities of an enterprise. It is a process of deciding in advance the financial activities necessary for an enterprise to achieve its objective. In other words, it is an application of planning function of management to the financial aspect of an enterprise. It involves of activities which aim at providing funds to activities to an enterprise regularly and ensure their efficient and proper use. It mainly involves procurements of funds and their proper utilization. It determines how much amount is required to purchase fixed assets or current assets. It also involves decision regarding the kinds of securities i.e. shares, debentures, and bonds.

FUNCTIONS OF SEBI The functions of SEBI may be categorized into three parts :- Protective functions Regulatory functions Development functions Now we shall discuss these functions separately Protective functions:-   Safeguarding investors: - SEBI issues press notes in the papers and brings out booklets for educating investors about various practices being followed by stock exchange. Enforcing code of conduct: - SEBI prescribed code of conduct to be followed in the market. The code helps in conducting the business in good manners. Control on price: - price is the serious issue which harms the interest of investors. Artificial inflation of prices attains more interest. The prices are then brought down by spreading some rumors about the company generally common investors sell shares at high rate. Regulative functions Monitoring stock exchange: - SEBI regulates the working of stock exchange including NSE and OCTCEI. Stock exchanges are required to submit regular returns SEB...

INTRODUCTION The Security and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) was constituted in 1988 under a resolution of the government of India. Thereafter, it was made a statutory body of the securities and exchange board of India act 1992. The center has given to SEBI most of its power under the securities contracts (Regulation) act 1956 to ensure more effective protection of interests of the investors and to create an efficient and well-regulated stock market. The powers of SEBI have been further wideninged under the securities law (amended) ordinance, 1995 which has amended the SEBI Act,1992 and securities contracts (regulation) act, 1956. The head office of SEBI is situated in Mumbai. Regional offices are at Delhi, Kolkata and Chennai. OBJECTIVES OF SEBI The main objectives of SEBI are given below Protect the interest of investors: - SEBI was mainly set up to protect the interest of investors. The companies sometimes mislead the investors by giving them false investors and they make the wrong ...

OBJECTIVES OF NATIONAL STOCK EXCHANGE National trading facility: - NSE was established to provide a national wide trading facility for equity debt instruments etc. this facility was to regulate the price of scripts on a national basis. Regulation of transactions: - NSE aims at to have an inbuilt mechanism which regulates trading NSE system operates as per the instructions given in advance. Electronic Settlement: - The manual system of the settlement was lengthy and time-consuming. NSE has introduced electronic settlement which is easy and quick. As per the international standard: - NSE system is as per with international standard in dealing relating to market practice products and technology etc.

INTRODUCTION The national stock exchange was incorporated in November 1992 with an equity capital of Rs. 25 crores. NSE is a professionally managed national market for shares, debentures and government securities with all the necessary infrastructure and trading facility. NATURE OF NATIONAL STOCK EXCHANGE (NSE) Ownership and management: - NSE is owned by a number of leading financial institutions, banks insurance companies etc. its management is in the hands of professionals, and day-to-day affairs are managed by the executive committee. Computerized operation: - The trading is undertaken with the help of a computerized network. National market: - NSE is a national-level stock exchange. It's working covers the almost whole of the country. Its terminals are set up at all the important places and it has a national wide market. Run on commercial line: - NSE set up and runs on commercial lines. It is a profit-earning company. Debt market: - National stock exchange also trades in d...

The importance of stock exchange lies in the services which they provide to society. The services rendered by the stock exchange can be categorized as follow:- Services to investors Services to companies Services to community SERVICES TO INVESTOR: - The stock exchange provides the following kinds of services to the investors:- Easy marketability and liquidity: - The stock exchange provides the regular and ready market for sale and purchase of securities. The investor can convert their securities into cash and cash into securities at any time. So, it provides easy marketability and liquidity to the investor. Publication of quotation: - The stock exchange publishes in the newspapers and periodical the rates at which various securities are the deal in it. It is very useful for existing as well as prospective investor Safeguarding the investor’s interests: - The stock exchanges operate strictly according to rules and regulations enacted through various acts. It eliminates the pos...

FUNCTIONS OF STOCK EXCHANGE Easy Marketing: - The securities can be easily sold and purchased in the stock exchange. The investors know the market value of the securities. So they can invest money in desired securities and released cash whenever required. Capital formation: - stock exchange creates the habit of saving and investing among the people. It leads to invest of funds in corporate and government securities. Thus, it contributes the capital formation. Facilitates speculation: - stock exchange provides opportunities to the investor to speculate. Due to speculation the supply and demand of securities’ may be equalized. Safeguarding for the investor: - The dealing in the stock exchange are governed by the rules of securities control act 1956. It protects the interest of investor through the enforcement of rules of the act. Guidelines for new issue: - It provides guidelines regarding new issues of securities. It also guides the companies regarding the scheme of allotment of sh...

MEANING OF STOCK EXCHANGE The stock exchange is an organized market where the sale and purchase of second-hand securities i.e. shares, debentures, bonds etc take place according to specified rules and regulations. It facilitates the trading of listed securities only. Listed securities are those securities which are recognized by a stock exchange for the purpose of sale and purchase of securities. It provides finance to the government sector. It is an indispensable institution for the steady growth of the corporate sector. It is established for the purpose of assisting, regulating and controlling business in securities. The stock exchange is recognized as a nerve center of the economy of any nation. According to Bismark, “If you want to know how the things in Britain are going on, do not study the House of Commons, but watch the London stock exchange.”