Solved IGNOU Assignments

The chief objective of business has always been to earn profits by satisfying the needs and wants of consumers. Marketing management plays an important role in this direction by product planning and development and their value exchange. The main objectives of marketing management in light of the overall objectives of the business are as under:- Creation of demand: - Marketing tries to create demand by attracting new customers through advertisement, personal selling, sales promotion etc. A business enterprise first identifies the needs and wants of the consumers and then produces and supplies them the goods of their liking. It helps in create demand Market share: - Marketing also aims to increase the market share by following aggressive selling techniques, i.e. advertisement, personal selling, etc., necessary to survive in the competitive environment. Profitability and growth: - The long-term objective of marketing is to increase profits by satisfying the needs and wants of the consu...

The marketing mix is the sum used to describe the combination of four inputs that constitute the company‘s marketing system product, price, place and promotion are four elements of marketing that are interrelated to each other.  A change in one element affects the others. These elements are internal variables of a business enterprise. These are also called 4p’s of marketing programs. These are mixed while preparing marketing programs with an objective to provide maximum satisfaction to the consumers. The term ‘ marketing mix’ was coined by Neil H. Border. Acc. To Neil H. Border, “ T he marketing mix refers to the apportionment of efforts, the combination, the designing and integration of the elements of marketing into a program or mix”

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Every enterprise needs strong and able leader for its. Leadership is on important and essential aspects of entrepreneurship. Most of the enterprise fails due to poor leadership. He is the leader who influences the behavior of other and ensures the success of an enterprise. In simple words, leadership is a process of directing other toward the accomplishment of goals. It is also the ability to influence the behavior of others to accomplish the objectives. Leadership is the process of influencing and supporting  others work toward achieving the objectives

Steps in starting up the small-scale business. A potential entrepreneur has to pass through various stages for setting up small scale unit. These are as follows:- The decision to be self-employed: - An educated person has to decide between two option either to work for other as employees or to work for himself as an entrepreneur. If the person possesses the right of knowledge, skill, experience and aptitude the best option for him is to set his own enterprise. This would give him best opportunity to invest, to innovate and  to give the best shape of this ideas. Identification of opportunity: - The viability of units means the business should identify the market needs. The entrepreneur has to do, but the consumer wants he has to produce according to needs and demands of the consumer. Selection of product on the basis of the market survey: - An entrepreneur has to select the product on the basis of the market survey, An entrepreneur should select the product keeping in view his own ca...

Bachelor’s Preparatory Programme (BPP) ASSIGNMENT 2015-16 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT Course Code: PCO - 01 Course Title: Preparatory Course in Commerce Assignment Code : PCO - 01/TMA/2015-16 Coverage: All Blocks Maximum Marks: 100 Attempt all the questions. 1. What do you mean by business? Explain various forms of business organisation.                                                                                                      (20) 2. (a) What do you understand by ‘Accounting Equation? Give suitable illustrations (b) What is meant by ‘Books of Original Entry’? Discuss the rules of journalizing the business transactions with the help of examples.(10+10) 3. Prepare a Bank Reconciliation Statement from the following particulars on 31st March 2014: Rs. (a) Debit Balance as per bank column of the Cash Book 3,72,000 (b) Cheque issued to creditors, but not yet presented to the bank for payment 72,000 (c) Dividend received by the bank, but not entered in the Cash Book 5,000 (d) Interest ...

Bachelor’s Degree Programme (BDP) TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT Course Code: ECO - 14 Course Title: Accountancy - II Assignment Code: ECO – 14/TMA/2015-16 Coverage: All Blocks Maximum Marks: 100 Attempt all the questions. 1. (a) Give specimen of company’s balance sheet as per part I of schedule VI of Indian Companies Act, 1956.   (b) Differentiate between Profit & Loss Account and Profit & Loss Appropriation Account. (10×2) 2. X Ltd. sends goods to its Karnal branch at cost plus 25%. All expenses are paid by H.O. From the following particulars you are required to show Branch Debtors Account, Branch Stock Account, Stock Adjustment Account and Branch Profit & Loss Account in the books of Head Office: Particulars Amount (Rs.) Opening Stock                                          36,000 Closing Stock                 ...

Bachelor’s Degree Programme (BDP) ASSIGNMENT  2015-16 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT Course Code: ECO - 13 Course Title: Business Environment Assignment Code: ECO – 13/TMA/2015-16 Coverage: All Blocks Maximum Marks: 100 Attempt all the questions. 1. What is meant by business environment? Describe briefly various components of the non-economic business environment.(5+15) 2. Explain the concept of monetary policy. Describe its objectives.(5+15) 3. Define collective bargaining. Explain its different types. How is it done? What are its pre-requisites(5+5+5+5) 4. Distinguish between the following: a) Cash Reserve Ratio and Liquidity Reserve Ratio b) Foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment(10+10) 5. Write short notes on the following: a) Central Bank b) Public Sector c) Collective Bargaining d) Balance of Payments(4×5)

ASSIGNMENT 2015-16 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT Course Code : ECO - 12 Course Title : Elements of Auditing Assignment Code : ECO – 12/TMA/2015-16 Coverage : All Blocks Maximum Marks: 100 Attempt all the questions. 1. Define Auditing. Explain its objectives and advantages.(20) 2. What is meant by verification? How does it differ from valuation? How would you verify the following? a) Goodwill b) Plant and Machinery (10+10) 3. Discuss the main provisions of company law regarding the appointment, duties and removal of an auditor.(20) 4. What important documents would you inspect before commencing the audit of a company? Explain (20) 5. Write short notes on the following: a) Cost Audit b) Clean and Qualified Report (10+10)

Bachelor’s Degree Programme (BDP) ASSIGNMENT 2015-16 Elective Course in Commerce ECO – 10: ELEMENTS OF COSTING For July 2015 and January 2016 admission cycle School of Management Studies Indira Gandhi National Open University Maidan Garhi, New Delhi -110068 Dear Students, As explained in the Programme Guide, you have to do one Tutor Marked Assignment in this Course. The assignment is given 30% weight in the final assessment. To be eligible to appear in the Term-end examination, it is compulsory for you to submit the assignment as per the schedule. Before attempting the assignments, you should carefully read the instructions given in the Programme Guide. This assignment is valid for two admission cycles (July 2015 and January 2016). The validity is given below: 1. Those who are enroled in July 2015, it is valid up to June 2016. 2. Those who are enrolled in January 2016, it is valid up to December 2016. You have to submit the assignment of all the courses to The Coordinator of your Study...

Bachelor’s Degree Programme TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT Course Code: ECO - 09 Course Title: Money, Banking and Financial Institutions Assignment Code: ECO – 09/TMA/2015-16 Coverage: All Blocks Maximum Marks: 100 Attempt all the questions. 1. Why is money demanded? How is the Keynesian approach different from the classical approach in this regard?(20) 2. Explain the establishment, structure and functions of the State Bank of India.                                        (20) 3. What is meant by money market? Discuss the significance of money market in a modern economy . (20) 4. Describe the working of the IMF. How does it help member countries in dealing with their temporary balance of payments problems?                                                                                                                                                      (20) 5. Write short notes on the following: (a) General Leading Principal of World Bank (b) Regional Rural Banks (c) Economic Significance of ...

Bachelor’s Degree Programme (BDP) ASSIGNMENT 2015-16 Elective Course in Commerce ECO – 08: COMPANY LAW For July 2015 and January 2016 admission cycle School of Management Studies Indira Gandhi National Open University Maidan Garhi, New Delhi -110 068 ECO - 08 Elective Course in Commerce ECO – 08: Company Law ASSIGNMENT- 2015-16 Dear Students, As explained in the Programme Guide, you have to do one Tutor Marked Assignment in this Course. The assignment is given 30% weight in the final assessment. To be eligible to appear in the Term-end examination, it is compulsory for you to submit the assignment as per the schedule. Before attempting the assignments, you should carefully read the instructions given in the Programme Guide. This assignment is valid for two admission cycles (July 2015 and January 2016). The validity is given below: 1. Those who are enroled in July 2015, it is valid up to June 2016. 2. Those who are enroled in January 2016, it is valid up to December 2016. You have to su...

Bachelor’s Degree Programme (BDP) ASSIGNMENT 2015-16 Elective Course in Commerce ECO – 06: Economic Theory For July 2015 and January 2016 admission cycle School of Management Studies Indira Gandhi National Open University Maidan Garhi, New Delhi -110 068 ECO - 06 Elective Course in Commerce ECO – 06: Economic Theory ASSIGNMENT- 2015-16 Dear Students, As explained in the Programme Guide, you have to do one Tutor Marked Assignment in this Course. The assignment is given 30% weightage in the final assessment. To be eligible to appear in the Term-end examination, it is compulsory for you to submit the assignment as per the schedule. Before attempting the assignments, you should carefully read the instructions given in the Programme Guide. This assignment is valid for two admission cycles (July 2015 and January 2016). The validity is given below: 1. Those who are enroled in July 2015, it is valid up to June 2016. 2. Those who are enroled in January 2016, it is valid up to December 2016. You...

Bachelor’s Degree Programme (BDP) ASSIGNMENT TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT Course Code: ECO - 05 Course Title: Mercantile Law Assignment Code: ECO – 05/TMA/2015-16 Coverage: All Blocks Maximum Marks: 100 Attempt all the questions. 1. (a) All contracts are agreements, but all agreements are not contracts. Comment. Contracts are agreements, but all agreements are not contracts. This is a common misconception and it can lead to some serious legal issues. For example, if you agree to mow my lawn for $50 per week, but you don't actually sign a contract, technically you are not obligated to follow through. This could lead to you being sued, and you may even lose money if you don't want to pay. To be legally binding, a contract must include certain elements. These elements include an offer, acceptance, mutual consent, consideration, and an intent to be legally bound. All of these elements must be present for a contract to be formed. If any of these elements are missing, then the agreement i...

Bachelor’s Degree Programme (BDP) ASSIGNMENT 2015-16 Elective Course in Commerce ECO – 03: MANAGEMENT THEORY For July 2015 and January 2016 admission cycle School of Management Studies Indira Gandhi National Open University Maidan Garhi, New Delhi -110 068 ECO - 03 Elective Course in Commerce ECO – 03: Management Theory ASSIGNMENT- 2015-16 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT Course Code: ECO-03 Course Title: Management Theory Assignment Code: ECO-03/TMA/2015-16 Coverage: All Blocks Maximum Marks: 100 Attempt all questions. 1. “Management Principles focus on one of the best ways of doing things and are prescriptive”. Do you agree? Give reasons and explain various principles of management. (6+14) 2. What is meant by morale? Outline the factors that influence the morale of employees in an organization. What is the significance of leadership vis a vis morale? (4+8+8) 3. Distinguish between the following: i) Strategic and Tactical Planning ii) Autocratic Style and Authoritative Style iii) Formal Commun...

AMK - 01 Bachelor’s Degree Programme (BDP) ASSIGNMENT 2015-16 Application Oriented Course AMK -01: MARKETING Course Code: AMK-01 Course Title: Marketing Assignment Code: AMK-01/TMA/2015-16 Coverage: All Blocks Maximum Marks: 100 Attempt all the questions. (a) What is a sales promotion? Describe the various sales promotion tools used by marketers. (b) Explain the concept of the product life cycle with a suitable example. (10+10) Differentiate between the following: (a) Marketing Mix and Promotion Mix (b) Durable Goods and Non-durable Goods (c) Sales Promotion and Personal Selling (d) Selling Concept and Production Concept of Marketing (4×5) Comment on the following statements: (a) The packaging is not different from labelling (b) Trademark can be copied by another manufacturer (c) Penetration pricing is a profitable strategy (d) Market segmentation is required for effective marketing(4×5) Define culture. How does it influence consumer behaviour? Explain with example.(20) Write s...

A label refers to a part of the product which contains the information regarding the product; seller etc after branding and packaging it is another significant means of product identification. A label may be a part of the package or it may attach to the product in the form of a piece of paper, printed statements, imprinted metal, leather etc. It contains information concerning the price (MRP), nature of product, date of manufacture. Need of packaging Followings are the main needs of labeling:- Product Feature: - A label describes the special feature of the product which increases its sales. Facilitates exchange: - It avoids unnecessary confusion where there is a large product range. It facilitates fast exchange process. Encourage self-service: - Labeling encourages the consumers for self-service. They can pick the product   of their own choice from the shops when they are supplied with necessary information of contents, weights, use, price etc. Product-related services: -  There are...

Bachelor’s Degree Programme   Course Code: AED - 01 Course Title: Export Procedures and Documentation   Attempt all the questions. Describe the general provisions related to import under the Foreign Trade Policy (EXIM Policy) of the Government of India. Do you think that these provisions facilitate foreign trade? (16+4) a) Discuss the export financing under the deferred payment system. b) Explain the role of the Export-Import Bank of India. (10+10) Explain the Central Excise Formalities and refund procedure of central excise rebate under Rule 12. (20) a) Describe the export incentives related to an expansion of the production base for export. b) Discuss fiscal incentives for export promotion. (10+10) Write short notes on the following: a) International Contract Terms b) Basic Principles of ECGC operation c) Port Procedures d) Export Promotion Councils. (4×5)

Packaging offers the following kinds of advantages to the manufacturer , dealers as well as consumers. Advantages to manufacturer and dealers It protects the goods from spoilage, breakage and leakage etc. An attractive package serves as a silent salesman. It facilitates ‘widow’ and ‘counter’ display of goods. It prevents adulteration. It maintains the quality of the product by protecting them against light, air, heat, humidity etc. It is easy to transport from one place to another. It reduces the cost of storage and handling. It creates goodwill of company in the minds of consumers. Advantage to consumers It keeps the content fresh, clean and in an original form. It facilitates easy handling. It provides Information to consumers regarding the product. It adds to the prestige of the buyer. Empty packages may be retained for domestic use.

A good packaging is required to possess the following features: Attractiveness: - A good package should be attractive in size and color combination in order to promote the sale. Consumer convinces: - The size and weight of package should be such that it is convenient for the storage and transportation and easily consumable by the consumers. Protective strength: -  The package should be strong enough in order to protect the product. Economical: - The cost of packaging should be minimum in order to make the price of product competitive. Durability: -  Packages should be durable so that they may be re-used for different purposes. Pollution free: - The packaging should be eco-friendly. The polyethene packaging has been discarded by the law in the certain status. Flexibility: - A good packaging should have an ability of flexibility or should be capable of being put to alternative use.